Jun 01, 2018· In holes, the measurement of the velocity of detonation (VOD) helps in comparing and evaluating relative performance of explosives. In this paper a blast performance assessment was conducted based on the results obtained from the steady state VOD measurement of emulsion explosives HEF100 and degree of blast fragmentation conducted on an open pit blast.
The velocity of detonation was measured on 4 segments. The sensors (P1P5) were placed at separations of 100 mm. The distance between the initiation point and the first sensor (P1) was 50mm. The velocity of detonation measurement setup is shown in Figure 4. Figure 4. Measurement setup for the velocity of detonation. The velocity of detonation ...
The explosive''s detonation velocity ranges from 1500–6700 m/sec. In general, larger the diameter the higher is the velocity of detonation until a steady state velocity is reached. For every explosive there is a minimum critical diameter at which the detonation process once initiated, will support itself in the column. c. DENSITY
Dec 01, 2012· Mining, Quarrying Prospecting: How to spoof ANFO into having .. Dec 17, 2010 · It is a well known fact that in blasting the best rock breakage occurs when the detonation velocity (DV) of the explosive matches the speed of sound . »More detailed
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For a typical test, the blasting agent is confined in a 4inch (10cm) schedule 80 steel pipe and initiated by a 3inch () diameter, 1inch () thick Pentolite booster. This combination of confinement and initiation yields a detonation velocity of about 4,000 m/sec for ANFO.
Blasting in a mine generally occurs in two phases, primary blasting and secondary blasting. Blasting Primary Blasting is the activity in which insitu rock is broken in both development and stoping and in surface mining by drilling holes in the rock, charging them with explosives and detonating the holes in a planned sequence.
The Effects of Water on Sympathetic Detonation and Dead Pressing of Dynamite and Emulsions by ADAM MICHAEL DOERFLER ... Dynamite and emulsions are very effective explosives in blasting; however they do have some shortcomings. Dynamite is prone to sympathetic detonation whereas ... Shock Velocity versus Length of Cylinder (Fosters, Gunger and ...
ANFO (or AN/FO, for ammonium nitrate/fuel oil) is a widely used bulk industrial name is commonly pronounced as "anfo". It consists of 94% porous prilled ammonium nitrate (NH 4 NO 3) (AN), which acts as the oxidizing agent and absorbent for the fuel, and 6% number 2 fuel oil (FO).. ANFO has found wide use in coal mining, quarrying, metal mining, and civil construction in ...
There are several types of explosives that can develop the appropriate detonation pressure. By knowing the detonation velocity and the density of a given explosive, the detonation pressure can be calculated (Chapter 2 Explosives). INITIATING DEVICES Avalanche blasting is based on a nonelectric detonating system or systems that are not ...
Keywords: Velocity of Detonation (VOD), Confined, Shock wave, Slurry, Blast hole 1 Introduction Explosives are used extensively for mining and other civil use like tunnel, well making, building demolition etc. The performance of explosive invariably depends on the Velocity Of Detonation. The rate at which the detonation wave
Detonation pressure is important for fragmentation design. In hard, massive rock formations, it is better to use an explosive with a high detonation pressure for fracturing the rock, and a lower detonation pressure explosive in softer and more fractured rock masses. The detonation pressure can be calculated using the formula below:
Cast blasting is a type of blast design that uses the explosive energy to move overburden material across the pit. This technique allows approximately 25% to 50% of the rock to be moved without the use of mine equipment. This is a major cost savings to the mine. Although cast blasting requires more pounds of explosive for each cubic yard of rock
Jern [] studied the relationship between the acoustic velocity of damaged rock masses and the distance to the blast hole, based on the field experiment in Angered the measured velocity near the hole and far from the hole, the parameter was 47% and the damage variable was . Gorbunov [] probed into the effect of blasting on rocks based on the acoustic investigation at Inguri Station.
An explosive material that meets prescribed criteria for insensitivity to initiation. For storage, Title 27, Code of Federal Regulations, Section defines a blasting agent as any material or mixture, consisting of fuel and oxidizer intended for blasting, not otherwise defined as an explosive, provided that the finished product, as mixed for use or shipment, cannot be detonated by means of ...
The confined velocity is the rate at which the detonation wave propagates through an explosive within a blast hole or any restrained space. The unconfined velocity emanates when an explosive is ...
DETONATION VELOCITY MEASUREMENT NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ROCK MECHANICS (An Autonomous Research Institute under Ministry of Mines, Govt. of India) Champion Reef Post 563 117 Kolar Gold Fields, Karnataka, India Phones: (+918153) 275006 to 275009 and 275000 (Director) Fax: (+918153) 275002 email: nirm
Jul 01, 2015· The rate at which the detonation wave travels through an explosive column is called the velocity of detonation. VOD is one of the most important properties of explosives. As the explosive pressure is directly proportional to the VOD of an explosive, VOD measurements indicate the performance of explosive in real time.
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Dec 08, 2019· Combustion (burning) is a process by which energy is released. Deflagration and detonation are two ways energy may be released. If the combustion process propagates outward at subsonic speeds (slower than the speed of sound), it''s a deflagration. If the explosion moves outward at supersonic speeds (faster than the speed of sound), it''s a detonation.
detonation velocity, and percentage of ... The Bureau of Mines 1s studying blast delay timing influences on rock fragmentation in a series of tests that started in 3ft concrete blocks and ...
An explosive (or explosive material) is a reactive substance that contains a great amount of potential energy that can produce an explosion if released suddenly, usually accompanied by the production of light, heat, sound, and explosive charge is a measured quantity of explosive material, which may either be composed solely of one ingredient or be a mixture containing at least two ...
Sep 26, 2018· The detonation velocity D and mass density of the emulsion ... vibrations induced by cutting blasting with a single free surface has long been a big challenge in underground mines. As blasting with a delay of several milliseconds between adjacent blast holes leads to almost the same rock fragmentation as in the case of simultaneously initiated ...
an idealized detonation reaction and make use of these for the estimation of detonation velocity18–21. Some empirical approaches to the detonation velocity exist in the literature such as the work of Rothstein and Peterson16,22. While using these empirical formulas for the detonation velocity, the detonation performance of a pure ni
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